Thursday, March 31, 2016

Jay Z's Vol. 3…The Life and Times of S. Carter (sampling sources)

By Kenton Rambsy

This post is part of our "Sampling & Signifying: The Music of Jay Z" series.

Vol. 3 … The Life and Times of S. Carter
Release Date: December 28, 1999

1. "Hova Song (Intro)" (Runtime: 2:21)
Producer: K-Rob
Vocals/Lyrics:
• “ Burning of the Midnight Lamp” by Rotary Connection (1969)
Movie:
• “ I'm Reloaded” from Carlito's Way (1993)

2. "So Ghetto" (Runtime: 4:01)
Producer: DJ Premier
Hook/Riff:
• “ Sporco Ma Distinto” by Ennio Morricone (1983)
• “ Crop Dustin” by Steve Cropper (1971)
Vocals/Lyrics:
• “ Who You Wit II” by Jay Z (1997)
• “1, 2 Pass It” by D&D All-Stars (1995)
• “ Friend of Mine” by The Notorious B.I.G. (1994)
• “22 Two's” by Jay Z (1996)

Wednesday, March 30, 2016

Tyehimba Jess's Olio: African American cultural & historical studies


Tyehimba Jess's new book converses with a range of contemporary volumes of African American poetry. At the same time, Olio also converges with a range of other works on African American culture and history. The book touches on histories of black music, entertainment, migration, and more.

Jess's focus on black music, for instance, reminded me of Amiri Baraka's work, such as in his book Digging: The Afro-American Soul of American Classical Music (2009) and long before that Black Music (1968) and before that Blues People (1963). In Olio, Jess takes us on journeys with several different black musicians: Scott Joplin, John William "Blind" Boone, Sissieretta Jones,The Fisk Jubilee Singers, and "Blind" Tom Wiggins.
 
There's also a story of migration or travel embedded in Olio. Jess presents this figure Julius Trotter traveling across the country interviewing people about Scott Joplin. The Trotter thread caught my attention as the idea of African Americans and movement, of a different kind, coincides with what I've been learning while covering Isabel Wilkerson's Pulitzer Prize-winning The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration (2010). 

And you know it's difficult, while considering all those characters, histories of black performance, representations of blackface and the stage in Jess's Olio, to avoid considering Middleton Harris's The Black Book, which Toni Morrison served as editor for while working at Random House in the early 1970s. The Black Book offers these really rich, nonlinear, and sometimes hidden histories. And so too does Olio. 

But why stop with The Black Book? Jess covers the kind of historical ground and abundance of characters that will prompt you to flip through the pages of reference works like Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. That, or Wikipedia.  

Either way, when you're reading Olio, you'll realize that the book results in part from a poet pursuing extensive research. During or after the reading, I was prompted to  pursue more research on the intriguing figures Jess introduced. 

Related:
A Notebook on Tyehimba Jess
Tyehimba Jess and the outstanding Olio

The Warmth of Other Suns: (433 - 464)

[The Warmth of Other Suns]


During segments of this week's reading of The Warmth of Other Suns, the author discussed shifts that occurred in the South with integration, for instance. However, as she noted, "change did not come without incident" (438). 

Of the difficulties the author discussed concerning changes or shifts in social relations, what was particularly notable to you? Why? As always, provide page citation. 

Underground conversation series: conflict styles



I began working with my colleague Catrina Salama to organize workshops and conversations with students on campus. We began on March 30, with a discussion about conflict management and styles.

After the presentation, we asked students to respond to the prompt, "What’s something useful you gained from today’s session? In what way was it useful or notable?"
A sample of responses:
• Learning how to identify both my conflict resolution strategy and the other person’s. It’s always useful to be aware and sensitive.
• This session taught me that there is no right or wrong way to approach conflict or resolve it. I also learned that conflict is not always a negative thing.
• In a way I kind of learned about myself. This will help me when I’m confronted with a conflict because I’ll know how to handle it in a better way.
• Avoiding conflict isn’t always the easy way out and self evaluate yourself while in a conflict. The session was useful because now I can become aware of different ways to deal with people and conflict.

Related:
Spring 2016 Programming

Jay Z's Vol. 2...Hard Knock Life (sampling sources)

By Kenton Rambsy

This post is part of our "Sampling & Signifying: The Music of Jay Z" series.


Vol. 2 … Hard Knock Life
Release Date: September 29, 1998

1. "Intro - Hand It Down" (performed by Memphis Bleek) (Runtime: 2:56)
Producer: DJ Premier
Hook/Riff:
• “ Are You Man Enough?” by Four Tops (1973)
Vocals/Lyrics:
• “ Coming of Age” by Jay Z feat. Memphis Bleek (1996)
Movie/Television clips:
• “ I'm Reloaded” from Carlito's Way (1993)
• “ Paradise Lost” from Carlito's Way (1993)

2. "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)" (Runtime: 3:58)
Producer: The 45 King
Instrumentation and Composition:
• “ It's the Hard-Knock Life” by Andrea McArdle (1977)
Vocals/Lyrics:
• “ Big Poppa ” by The Notorious B.I.G. (1994)

3. "If I Should Die" (featuring Da Ranjahz) (Runtime: 4:55)
Producer: Swizz Beatz

Tuesday, March 29, 2016

Tyehimba Jess's Olio and contemporary African American poetry


Tyehimba Jess's remarkable book Olio didn't come out of thin air. In addition to emerging from Leadbelly and Jess's extensive scholarship and artistry, the book connects to a wide range of contemporary volumes of poetry.  As I reflected on Olio, I thought about several books from the past several years that got me to this point. Books like:
2008 - Patricia Smith's Blood Dazzler
2009 - Rita Dove's Sonata Mulattica
2009 - Marilyn Nelson's A Wreath for Emmett Till
2010 - Elizabeth Alexander's Crave Radiance
2011 - Nikky Finney's Head Off & Split
2011 - Evie Shockley's the new black
2012 - Lucille Clifton's The Collected Poems of Lucille Clifton 1965-2010
2012 - Monica Hand's me and Nina
2012 - Reginald Flood's Coffle
2012 - Patricia Smith's Shoulda Been Jimi Savannah
2013 - Jason McCall's Dear Hero,
2013 - Adrian Matejka's The Big Smoke
2013 - Frank X. Walker's Turn Me Loose: The Unghosting of Medgar Ever
2013 - Reginald Harris's Autogeography
2013 - A. Van Jordan's Cineaste
2014 - Marilyn Nelson's How I Discovered Poetry
2015 - Major Jackson's Roll Deep
2015 - Amiri Baraka's S O S: Poems 1961-2013
2015 - Robin Coste Lewis's Voyage of the Sable Venue
2015 - Treasure Shields Redmond's chop: a collection of kwansabas for fannie lou hamer
 In small and large ways, those books paved the way for me to absorb Olio in the ways that I've have. Some sonnet sequences here. Some thoughtfulness about design there. Persona poems over here. Those ongoing engagements with black histories, everywhere. All those things seemed to be working on my mind as I thought about ways that Jess's new book entered and began reshaping the networks.   

Related:
A Notebook on Tyehimba Jess
Tyehimba Jess and the outstanding Olio

Jay Z's In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 (sampling sources)

By Kenton Rambsy

 This post is part of our "Sampling & Signifying: The Music of Jay Z" series.

In My Lifetime, Vol. 1
Release Date: November 4, 1997

1."Intro / A Million And One Questions / Rhyme No More" (Runtime: 3:21)
Producer: DJ Premier
Instrumentation and Composition:
• “Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight” by Isaac Hayes (1978)
• “Let Me Go” by Latimore (1976)
Movie/television clips: “I'm Reloaded” from Carlito's Way (1993)
Vocals/Lyrics:
• “Break Up to Make Up” by Ferrante & Teicher (1974)
• “One in a Million” by Aaliyah (1996)

2. "The City Is Mine" (featuring Blackstreet) (Runtime: 4:02)
Producer: Teddy Riley, Chad Hugo
Instrumentation and Composition:
• “You Gonna Make Me Love Somebody Else” by The Jones Girls (1979)
• “You Belong to the City” by Glenn Frey (1985)

3. "I Know What Girls Like" (featuring Lil' Kim & Puff Daddy) (Runtime: 4:50)
Producer: Sean "Puffy" Combs, Ron "Amen-Ra" Lawrence
Instrumentation and Composition:
• “A Fly Girl” by The Boogie Boys (1985)
Vocals/Lyrics:
• “I Know What Boys Like” by The Waitresses (1982)

Monday, March 28, 2016

Toward Histories of Contemporary Black Women's Poetry


Hopefully, folks are going to start writing histories of contemporary black women's poetry. So much has been happening in this long, current moment that we'd definitely want to document all the developments, shifts, ongoing trends, continuities, major achievements, and innovations.

Perhaps, the poetry I'm now calling "contemporary" won't be contemporary by the time folks start writing the histories. We'll probably need to decide when this moment, whatever people decide to call it, began. Or, will we go with the beginning of the 21st, starting with publications in 2000? Or do we take a step back into the mid or late 1990s?

One challenge and opportunity concerns the large numbers of poets who've produced works over the last 20 or so years. My own humble collection contains dozens of volumes by black women. And I'm sure knowledgeable poets could easily identify dozens of works that I'm missing.

Evie Shockley is one of many poets to write about Frederick Douglass in verse.
There's also the matter of current trends. Several black women poets have written about slavery. Their works complement poems produced by black men poets. Evie Shockley, Elizabeth Alexander, Vievee Francis, Opal Palmer Adisa, and Marilyn Nelson, to name just a few, have written in the voice of enslaved people and rebellious slaves.     

Treasure Redmond's chop and Tara Betts's 7 x 7 are comprised of kwansabas.

Where else do the poets converge and then diverge? Sonnets might be one place. Several contemporary black women poets, including Nelson, Natasha Trethewey, Vievee Francis, Allison Joseph, and Nikki Finney, produced sonnet sequences. Poets have taken up other forms and modes of writing as well. Just last year, for example, Treasure Redmond and also Tara Betts produced  chapbooks comprised solely of kwansabas.

 

And what about all those award-winning black women poets? I'm thinking of folks like Rita Dove, Thylias Moss, Robin Coste Lewis, Harryette Mullen, Marilyn Nelson, Claudia Rankine, Patricia Smith, Tracy K. Smith, Trethewey, and many, many more.  And of course, the awards only provide some of the story. There are so many notable poets who have not won or who were finalists whose works deserve our attention, especially if we are trying to tell an expansive history of contemporary black women's poetry.

We had many poets who were already firmly established by the 21st century, yet continued publishing. Consider, for instance, all the poets who passed away over the last few years who were actively apart of our senses of poetry, people like Maya Angelou, Jayne Cortez, Lucille Clifton, and Wanda Coleman. Where might they and others fit within our histories of the contemporary?

Oh, and our coverage would need to expand even more if we included a history of spoken word verse here. We have a seemingly endless stream of YouTube clips focusing on talented black women poets, many of whom don't publish books. And speaking of YouTube, it would be worth taking note of the leading role that black women poets such as Amanda Johnston, Jonterri Gadson, Mahogany Browne, Sherina Rodriguez-Sharpe, Maya Washington, and others played in that #BlackPoetsSpeakOut project.


I would also think we'd want to think about poets who work in other forms. Consider the work of poet-photographer Rachel Eliza Griffiths.  Or, the poet and visual artist Krista Franklin. Or, poets such as Elizabeth Alexander and Tracy K. Smith who've also produced memoirs.

One challenge we face in producing this history concerns the fact that relatively few literary scholars produce work on contemporary poetry, especially contemporary black women's poetry. To compound the challenges, relatively few contemporary black women poets produce scholarship, such as literary histories. Maybe some collaborations are in order.

For now, those of us who are interested would do well to steadily document publications, news items, and notable events taking place in the production of black women's poetry. We'll want to keep taking note of what's happening and try, as best as possible, to consider what we'll want to preserve.   

Related:
Blog entries about black women poets 

Jay Z's Reasonable Doubt (sampling sources)

By Kenton Rambsy

 This post is part of our "Sampling & Signifying: The Music of Jay Z" series.

Reasonable Doubt
Release Date: June 25, 1996

1. "Can't Knock the Hustle" (featuring Mary J. Blige) (Runtime: 5:17)
Producers: Knobody, Dahoud Darien, Sean Cane
Instrumentation and Composition:
• “Much Too Much” by Marcus Miller (1983)
Movie/television clips:
• “Dishwashing” from Scarface (1983)
Vocals/Lyrics:
• “Fool's Paradise” by Meli'sa Morgan (1986)
• “I Know You Got Soul” by Eric B. & Rakim (1987)
• “My Life” by Mary J. Blige (1994)

2."Politics as Usual" (Runtime: 3:41)
Producer: Ski
Hook/Riff:
• “Hurry Up This Way Again” by The Stylistics (1980)

Sampling & Signifying: The Music of Jay Z


By Kenton Rambsy and Howard Rambsy II

Between 1996 - 2013, Jay Z released 12 solo albums, which include over 180 songs. Jay Z’s music contains samples from over 600 R&B, soul, rap, funk, and jazz tracks as well as movies and television shows. And while Jay Z and his producers draw inspiration from a variety of others, we might also consider that various others draw inspiration from him. Jay Z’s voice and music have been sampled on more than 1,100 songs.

Sampling  and signifying (cleverly alluding to or reworking someone else’s words) are hallmarks of rap music. Jay Z, no doubt, has been a remarkable force in the field of hip hop. His music, thanks in large part to a diverse and extraordinarily talented group of producers, incorporates an eclectic body of sources, including funk, R&B, soul, disco, and rap music, Scarface and Annie movie clips as well as various drum beats, hooks, and riffs from other artists. Jay Z’s lyrics signify on works by Nas, Biggie, Isaac Hayes, the Four Tops, KC and the Sunshine band, Run- DMC, and Snoop Dogg

The artists who have sampled Jay Z’s music include J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar, Eminem, and Talib Kweli. Taken together, the sampling and signifying that comprise Jay Z’s music as well as the even larger body of works that sample Jay Z constitute an enormous body of materials.

In an effort to quantify the samples and signifying in Jay Z’s music, we are producing a series of entries on his 12 solo albums. We primarily used Whosampled to compile the lists, and when possible, we provide Youtube clips. Overall, we hope to underscore the value of sampling, connecting, and signifying as a means for transmitting artistic and social ideas.
 
Sampling sources for:
Reasonable Doubt (1996)
In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 (1997)
Vol. 2...Hard Knock Life (1998)
Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter (1999)
The Dynasty: Roc La Familia (2000)
The Blueprint (2001)
The Blueprint 2 (2002)
The Black Album (2003)
Kingdom Come (2006)
American Gangster (2007)
The Blueprint 3 (2009)
Magna Carta Holy Grail (2013)

Related:
The African American Literary Studies Lab

Saturday, March 26, 2016

From Leadbelly to Olio


Since 2005, I've been been reading and writing about Tyehimba Jess's book Leadbelly. I taught the book to various classes; used the book in reading groups; and blogged about the book on multiple occasions, including a crown of blog entries on the book last November. In retrospect, the concentrated attention on Jess's work prepared me to engage his powerful new volume Olio.

Jess's Leadbelly and Olio correspond to each other in all kinds of important ways. Both books concentrate on aspects of black music history. Both books present us with these fascinating cultural figures. Both books include interrelated sequences of poems. But in the end, Olio is a more ambitious book, covering a more multifaceted cast of characters and revealing Jess working through more poetic and prose modes of writing.

That's not a slight on Jess's first book, which remains one of my all-time favorite volumes of poetry books. I'd even go so far to say that Leadbelly served as the crucial gateway volume for getting me into contemporary poetry. Before that, I was deep into black arts poetry, and I read poets here and there. But Jess's work really prompted me to pay much closer attention and start charting what was taking place.

The cool thing about reading Olio is that you get a chance to see Jess developing ideas that he began experimenting with in Leadbelly. For instance, the end of his first volume includes a sequence of interrelated sonnets. In Olio, there's a sequence of sonnets focused on the Fisk Jubilee Singers that runs throughout the course of the book. There's a sequence on "Blind" Tom Wiggins as well.

In Leadbelly, Jess includes various contrapuntal poems, juxtaposing Leadbelly's and John Lomax's perspectives such as "leadbelly vs. lomax at the modern language association conference, 1934." Olio includes a variety of contrapuntal poems, and those poems achieve their most pointed effect as Jess presents accounts from of Millie and Christine McKoy, conjoined twins. What it means to encounter their linked and separate thoughts in individual poems is really captivating.

Jess clearly pursued serious research on Huddie Ledbetter to produce that first book. He went even further in Olio. He traces the lives and envisions the thinking of an even wider array of characters, including John William "Blind" Boone, Wiggins, the McKoy sisters, Scott Joplin, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Booker T. Washington, singer Sissieretta Jones, sculptor Edmonia Lewis, and performers Bert Williams, George Walker. I've been writing about contemporary poets as historical researchers for years now, and what Jess does in Olio is the case and point for that.    

Leadbelly, we're even clearer on now, was a testing ground for what Jess would get to now. The book -- even the extended size to make room for those contrapuntal poems -- gave this former spoken word artist important opportunities to figure out the possibilities of performing on the page. In Olio, Jess extends across the page and includes perforated pages in a few instances allowing readers to remove and rework select works.

And Leadbelly wasn't just a testing ground for Jess. That first book also did important work preparing some of us for Olio. I'm still in the early stages of taking in all that's happening here in this new volume. Some of what I'm grasping, though, is a result of what I learned re-reading Leadbelly over the years. Who knows what I'll be ready to do once I've fully absorbed the lessons of Olio?

Related:
A Notebook on Tyehimba Jess
Tyehimba Jess and the outstanding Olio

Those Jet beauties vs. Emmett Till

Model Beverly Weathersby on the Sept. 15, 1955 cover
Talk to people, perhaps mostly men, of a certain age about Jet magazine, and they might mention those recurring "Jet Beauty" images. For decades, each week, the magazine published a photograph of a black woman posing in a swimsuit in every issue. The image was/is considered eye-candy for male viewers and offered models opportunities to gain national exposure.     

Jet ceased publishing print issues of the magazine in June 2014. Although large numbers of people read the magazine for its round-up of African American news items and while some  know the magazine because of those attractive Jet beauties, the magazine became nationally known for the image of Emmett Till's murdered and battered face and body in the September 15, 1955 issue of the publication.  The shocking and terrifying image of Till circulated widely and exposed African American audiences to the horrors of anti-black violence in a series of dramatic photographic images.  

I thought about that issue of Jet while reading Philip C. Kolin's volume of poems Emmett Till in Different States (2015). The book is comprised of poems about Till, his murder, and the aftermath. Several of the poems are written from the first-person persona of Till.

Kolin has one poem entitled "The Jet Photo," where Till mentions that issue of the magazine. The poem opens:
That gorgeous Beverly Weathersby
showed her stuff on the cover of Jet
but they saved the frothy horrors
of me on a slab at A. A. Rayner's
for the deep insides,
Truth be known,
there's more of me on the outside
than in.
 Weathersby was a model who appeared in different issues of Jet during the mid-1950s. She appeared on the cover of that famous September 1955 issue of Jet. Despite her apparent beauty however, what people are haunted by was that horrifying image of a murdered black boy. 

During the course of its history, Jet has published more than 3,000 "beauties." There were so many, that few are known by name. But we all recall the name "Emmett Till," and that photograph from the magazine is difficult to forget. 

Related:
Marilyn Nelson & Philip Kolin on Emmett Till 
Philip C. Kolin fuses art and history in Emmett Till book 

Marilyn Nelson & Philip Kolin on Emmett Till

 
I now own two books devoted to Emmett Till. For one, there's Marilyn Nelson's A Wreath for Emmett Till (2005), a book comprised of a heroic crown of sonnets. And now more recently, there's Philip C. Kolin's Emmett Till in Different States (2015). Kolin's book includes a range of poems, some in persona verse tracing the events leading up to Till's murder and the aftermath. Both books contribute to a growing body of poetry volumes that document the lives and experiences of notable African Americans.

Nelson's volume also corresponds to the volumes that include sonnet sequences. I'm thinking of books such as Natasha Trethewey's Native Guard (2007), Nikky Finney's Head Off & Split: Poems (2011), Patricia Smith's Shoulda Been Jimi Savannah (2012), and A. Van Jordan’s The Cineaste (2013), to name just a few.

Kolin's treatment of a cultural figure in a single volume with persona poems and multiple supporting characters reminded me of books like Tyehimba Jess's Leadbelly (2005) and Adrian Matejka's The Big Smoke (2013), about the boxer Jack Johnson. While Jess's and Matejka's books highlight somewhat heroic figures--a talented musician and boxer, Kolin deals with an infamous historical moment. The murder of Till remains horrifying, even today haunting the ongoing racist violence committed against black boys and men.

By presenting us with a variety of people who interacted with Till or who had links to the incident, Kolin assists us in working through what happened and the aftermath. Toward the end of the volume, there are even poems that include Till speaking to our contemporary moment. In "Emmett Till to Trayvon Martin," Till says "You could be my grandson / we both made history / before our teens expired / our photos walled the world." And he closes noting that "Our bodies became witnesses to crimes we did not committ."

Beyond the subject matter, a commonality between Nelson's and Kolin's works concerns how they takes individual, relatively short poems -- really bits and pieces -- and bring them together to create these whole projects.

Related:
Those Jet beauties vs. Emmett Till 
Philip C. Kolin fuses art and history in Emmett Till book  

Tyehimba Jess and the outstanding Olio


Tyehimba Jess's new book Olio (2016) is really a remarkable feat of scholarship and artistry.  On the one hand, the book reveals careful attention to historical records, noting a variety of important events and cultural figures. At the same time, the volume displays an inventive mind highly capable of imagining -- in eloquent verse -- the unrecorded musings of extraordinary people.

Henry 'Box' Brown, the Fisk Jubilee Singers,  Paul Laurence Dunbar, Scott Joplin, Sissieretta Jones, Booker T. Washington, "Blind" Tom Wiggins, Bert Williams, George Walker, and Edmonia Lewis are among the main characters in Olio. Their stories correspond to specific moments in history. Jess clearly pursued an extensive amount research in order to bring so much information together in a single volume.

[Related: From Leadbelly to Olio]

The book contains persona poems, contrapuntal poems, imagined interviews, interrelated series of sonnets, and poems that appear on fold-outs. The links between the many poems indicate that Jess was doing more than simply writing poems; instead, he weaved together a tapestry of compositions. The intricate design and interconnections of the poems also speak to the poet's creativity, not to mention his intense focus on detail.  

One central purpose of Olio is to illuminate the experiences of African American artists who may have largely been lost to history. Jess takes up the noble and trying effort of filling in all the spaces and silences surrounding figures like Wiggins, Joplin, Williams, and those various other historical figures. Jess presents the imagined ruminations of Millie and Christine McKoy, conjoined twins and former slaves, and he also offers poetic accounts from paradoxical performers such as Williams & Walker, and Ernest Hogan.

The book contains photographs of some of the key figures in the book, line drawings by Jessica Lynne Brown, an extended timeline, bibliographies of books and newspaper sources for the project, and explanations for the pages that are perforated for easy removal. All these parts contribute to the overall complexity of the volume.

In the coming weeks and months, I'm looking forward to reading, re-reading, and blogging about this powerful book, Olio

Related:
A Notebook on Tyehimba Jess

Thursday, March 24, 2016

Philip C. Kolin fuses art and history in Emmett Till book

Philip C, Kolin volume Emmett Till in Different States contributes to an important poetic conversation

Over the last week or so, I wrote about how Reginald Harris, Phillip B. Williams, and Rickey Laurentiis wrote about violence to black male bodies. Well, not all the writings in this regard are by black poets. Philip C. Kolin has produced a thoughtful and powerful volume of poems on Emmett Till, arguably the most well-known boy killed as a result of anti-black racism.

Kolin's Emmett Till in Different States (2015) corresponds to poems by Harris, Williams, Laurentiis, and several others concerning injured and destroyed black male bodies. Kolin's book even goes a little further by offering such an extended treatment on a single figure.      

Kolin's volume is comprised of 49 poems, includes a chronology, preface, and notes on the poems. The book presents narratives about Till's life, his family, and various others related to the terrible murder from multiple angles. In one persona poem "Fact about Me," we hear from the young Till as he discusses his excitement traveling to Money, Mississippi to visit family.  In another persona poem, "The Jury," the speaker or speakers note that "We knew the verdict / before there was trial," and later "We made a show of our civic duty / and agreed to wait / a whole hour before coming / back into court."

[Related: Marilyn Nelson & Philip Kolin on Emmett Till ]

Several of the poems are in the persona of Till, as he relates details about his experiences and interests. Overall, hearing from the young boy gives him a sense of agency and voice that are often absent in accounts of his life. We also hear from his mother Mamie, his uncle,  Carolyn Bryant (the woman who claims Till tried to flirt with her), Mahalia Jackson, Freedom Riders, and various others. Along the way, Kolin works through an artistic puzzle of sorts by presenting us with these many fragments concerning Till. A piece here, several pieces there and over here. They all add up to an extensive, artful document.

Kolin's book is yet another reminder of how poets engage history in really multifaceted, complex ways. The book fuses history and art as Kolin arranges words and ideas for dramatic and also subtle effect. We are prompted to think about this black boy and the racist circumstances that led to his violent death, as well as our ongoing struggles with the memory of what happened. 

Related: 
Reginald Harris & Rickey Laurentiis: on injured male bodies
Reginald Harris & Phillip B. Williams: Witnessing lost boys & men

Wednesday, March 23, 2016

The Warmth of Other Suns: (364 - 431)

[The Warmth of Other Suns]

"Emmett Till was perhaps the most memorialized black northerner ever to go south, if only because he never made it back alive and because of the brutal reasons that he didn't. His mother had sent her only child south for the summer in 1955 to spend time with his great-uncle in Mississippi. She never saw him alive again. He was bludgeoned and shot to death a month after his fourteenth birthday"  (369). --Isabel Wilkerson

As the reading from The Warmth of Other Suns reveals, there were challenges everywhere for African Americans. There were reasons to leave the South, reasons to be careful about visiting for the summer as was the case with Till, and there were reasons to worry about challenges in the Midwest, West, and North.

Based on the reading, what's something specific that really confirmed or altered your previous perceptions about the experiences and struggles of African Americans trying to make a way for themselves during this time period?

Tuesday, March 22, 2016

Walking, reading, and thinking in Curaçao

Santa Anna Bay in Willemstad, Curaçao

For a few days in mid-March, my wife and I visited Curaçao, an island located in the southern Caribbean sea. We were mostly fulfilling a promise to ourselves to travel a little more and take in new scenes and cultures. My wife was born and raised in St. Kitts and has traveled extensively in the Caribbean. I'm mostly trying to catch up.  

On our trip, we stayed at the Renaissance Resort,which was centrally located in close walking distance to historic forts, shops, restaurants, and the harbor. What particularly stood out to me when we first looked around were the brightly painted buildings. Those vibrant colors, in such a warm, wonderful climate, were energizing.  We took long walks around Willemstad, the capital city of Curaçao, trying to take in the sights, the people, the culture, as much as one can on a short stay.

A market in Curaçao

Among other things, what I enjoyed about the trip was the chance to relax, read, and think about various writing and humanities activities. There's something about being away that facilitates my creativity. Of course, it also helps being in such a tropical climate and having all those colorful scenes to absorb.

I rely on my home library quiet frequently as I'm working on writing projects--big and small. In particular, when I'm producing blog entries about poetry, I often find it necessary to pull a variety of books from the shelves as I seek to make connections. In Curaçao, miles and miles away from our home in St. Louis, the books shelves I relied on were virtual. As a consequence, I spent a considerable amount of time drifting on my thoughts and jotting down notes that I might return to later.

By the time we returned from our trip, I realized that I had filled far more pages in my journal than usual. Here, I suppose I write far more on my laptop and computer. But away, I'm more likely to jot my thoughts down on paper.

The trip allowed for time to relax, think, and occasionally write.

Part of my writing habits in Curaçao were related to the long walks we took. As ideas and thoughts came to me, I would just write down a few keywords or short sentences, close my book and continue exploring. And it wasn't just the walking that gave me opportunities to think and begin generating ideas. During extended moments sitting by sea, I was inspired to relax, think, relax, and occasionally jot down notes. 

Some of my friends jokingly ask me whether I ever take a break when and if they think I've been productive with my blogging about the arts. In turn, I'm starting to think that my productively is directly linked to the ways that I relax and take breaks.

We have passports, will travel



Now that we've returned from our trip, we're already looking forward to our next travels.

Monday, March 21, 2016

Reginald Harris, Jericho Brown, Tee-Tee, Keyshawn, and 'N'em


If you're at the spoken word spots around your city, you'll hear all that black vernacular. But if you're reading poetry in volumes, especially the award-winning volumes, the sights and sounds of that vernacular is less apparent. That's what makes appearances of the likes of "Tee-Tee" and "Keyshawn" in Reginald Harris's Autogeography (2013) and words like "'N'em" in Jericho Brown's The New Testament (2014) even more refreshing.

For the last few months, I followed the scholar and poet Bro. Yao (Hoke S. Glover III) working through ideas about what he calls "the empire of language," which connotes among other things, the way language, particularly the English language, structures, frames, and even suppresses communication and thinking. Some of what we're witnessing with the presence of black vernacular terminology in poems by Harris and Brown represents poets creating slight disruptions in the typical modes of credentialed poetry in this country. Or to paraphrase Glover, there are many moments when Reginald Harris and Jericho Brown have decided that they ain't writing for the empire.

[Related: Reginald Harris & Phillip B. Williams: Witnessing lost boys & men]

They aren't the only ones of course. There's a history stretching back way past Paul Laurence Dunbar, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes, to name just a few. That history stretches forward through Amiri Baraka  and Sonia Sanchez through all those countless spoken word artists. And recently, I just happened to be thinking about Harris and Brown.

Sunday, March 20, 2016

Common Read Projects and Between the World and Me


Beyond, or more appropriately, in part because of the extensive coverage of Ta-Nehisi Coates's book, Between the World and Me, several institutions -- universities, churches, libraries, and smaller reading groups -- have adopted the book. Some groups have announced selecting the book to cover in fall 2016 and 2017.  

[Related: The curious minds of Colson Whitehead and Ta-Nehisi Coates]

Back in the fall of 2015 when the book came out, I coordinated a small online common read of Coates's book with a group here on my campus. I also heard that Howard University selected the book for students to read in a lead-up to Coates giving a talk there.  

Here's a partial list of "common read" projects, book clubs, and reading groups that have been done on Ta-Nehisi Coates's Between the World and Me as well as upcoming common reads on the book. 

2015  
• Donaldson Correctional Facility - Bessemer, Alabama
• Howard University - Washington, DC
One Town, One Book Kickoff Event - Water Street Exeter, New Hampshire
"Pop-up Teach-in" at Indiana University - Bloomington, Indiana
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville - Edwardsville, IL 
The Atlantic - online book discussion
Unitarian Universalist Congregation of the Susquehanna Valley - Northumberland, Pennsylvania

2016 (January - August)
Academic Business Officers Group, University of California - San Francisco, California
CalTech Women's Club - Pasadena, California
Chadbourne Residential College - University of Wisconsin-Madison 
Columbia Univ. Southern Cal Book Club 
Denver Public Library - Denver, Colorado
Diversity & Inclusion Book Club: Heart of West Michigan United Way - Grand Rapids, Michigan 
Downers Grove Public Library - Downers Grove, Illinois
Durham Tech Library - Durham, North Carolina
First Parish Unitarian Universalist - Needham, Massachusetts 
First Unitarian Universalist Church of  Niagara - Niagara Falls, New York
Harvard Club of Dallas - Dallas, Texas
Jackson State University, Fannie Lou Hamer Institute - Jackson, Mississippi
Lake Nokomis Presbyterian Church - Minneapolis, Minnesota
Long Beach: Building Healthy Communities - Long Beach, California
Looscan Neighborhood Library - Houston, Texas
MIT Libraries, Diversity & Inclusion Book Group - Cambridge, Massachusetts
Morehouse College - Atalanta, Georgia 
New York Public Library Fort Washington Branch Book Club - New York, New York
North Decatur Presbyterian Church - Decatur, Georgia 
Oak Hill Presbyterian Church - St. Louis, MO
Oak Park Public Library - Oak Park, Illinois
Office of Social Justice, Inclusion, and Conflict Resolution, Rowan University  - Glassboro, New Jersey
One Book, One Community YWCA Great Lakes Bay Region - Saginaw, Michigan
Public Library of Brookline, Book Group - Brookline, Massachusetts
Reading Group in Minnesota
Social Justice Book Club - University of Wisconsin-Madison
Southern Delaware Alliance for Racial Justice Book Club - Lewes, Delaware
St. Paul’s Episcopal Church  - White River Junction, Vermont
St. James' Episcopal Church - Leesburg, Virginia
The California Council of Churches/IMPACT Justice Seekers Project et al. - Sacramento, California 
The Community Church of Chapel Hill, Unitarian Universalist - Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Columbia - Columbia, Maryland
• Unitarian Church of Harrisburg - Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
University of Maryland, Baltimore
University of Washington Bothell - Bothell, WA
Williamsburg Baptist Church Book Group - Williamsburg, Virginia 
Women's Voices Raised for Social Justice - St. Louis, MO

2016-2017
Burlingame Public Library - Burlingame, California
Charleston County Public Library - Charleston, South Carolina
Clifton Baptist Church - Louisville, Kentucky
Fit Oshkosh,Inc. Color-Brave Community Read - Oshkosh, Wisconsin
Gustavus Adolphus College -- St. Peters, Minnesota 
Hiram College -  Hiram, Ohio
League of Women Voters - Edina, Minnesota
Mount Holyoke College - South Hadley, Massachusetts
Mount Holyoke Club of Chicago - Chicago, Illinois
Penn State Brandywine - Media, Pennsylvania
UCLA - Los Angeles, California 
University of Kansas - Lawrence, Kansas  
University of Michigan-Flint - Flint, Michigan 
University of Oregon - Eugene, Oregon
Utah State University Honors Program - Logan, Utah
Western Reads (Western Alumni group) - London, Ontario, Canada
Western Washington University - Bellingham, WA

Related:
Notations for a common reading experience of Ta-Nehisi Coates
A Notebook on the work of Ta-Nehisi Coates  

Saturday, March 19, 2016

The curious minds of Colson Whitehead and Ta-Nehisi Coates


I first started reading Colson Whitehead in around 2000. He wrote something about this high-achieving, smart black woman that caught my attention. I first read Ta-Nehisi Coates in 2003. He wrote something about this high-achieving, smart black woman that caught my attention. Following Whitehead's and Coates's works now for more than a decade has given me opportunities to think closely about their approaches.

Whitehead and Coates are both driven by curiosity. That's one notable takeaway you'll get when and if, for some strange reason, you take a look at their careers over the last 10 years. In particular, you might notice the significance of their wondering, curious minds if you check out their comments in interviews and their talks and writings about writing.

Wednesday, March 16, 2016

Public Thinking Event: perceptions of defects



On March 16, our Public Thinking event focused on presumable "defects" that we were all inclined to think about based on jokes from childhood peers. We were drawing the prompt from a blog entry by Ta-Nehisi Coates. In a post about Nina Simone and casting in a movie about her, he wrote:
When I was kid, I knew what the worst parts of me were—my hair and my mouth. My hair was nappy. My lips were big. Nearly every kid around me knew something similar of themselves because nearly every one of us had some sort of physical defect—dark skin, nappy hair, broad nose, full lips—that opened us up to ridicule from one another. That each of these “defects” were representative of all the Africa that ran through us was never lost on anyone.“Africa” was an insult—African bush-boogie, African bootie-scratcher etc. Ethiopian famine jokes were all the rage back then.

Did we want to be white? I don’t think so. We didn’t want to look like Rob Lowe or Madonna. We hated and mocked Michael Jackson’s aesthetic changes as viciously as we mocked each other. What we wanted was to be on the right end of the paper bag tests. We wanted hazel eyes. We wanted wavy hair. I had neither hazel eyes nor wavy hair. But I also didn’t suffer in the same way that I saw other kids around me suffer. I was not dark-skinned. And, more importantly, I was not a girl.

Related:
Spring 2016 Programming

The Warmth of Other Suns: (285 – 363)

[The Warmth of Other Suns]

"In the receiving cities of the North and West, the newcomers like Ida Mae had to worry about acceptance or rejection not only from whites they encountered but from the colored people who arrived ahead of them, who could at times be the most sneeringly judgmental of all.
The northern-born colored people and the long-standing migrants, who were still trying to keep their footing in the New World, often resented the arrival of the unwashed masses pouring in from the very places some of the old-timers had left. As often happens with immigrant groups, some of the old-timers would have preferred to shut the door after they got there to protect their own uncertain standing" (287). Isabel Wilkerson
Based on the reading for this week, what did you think about the kinds of challenges that new migrants had to face when they arrived? That is, what challenge discussed in the chapter was particularly notable to you? Why? Provide page citations. 

Tuesday, March 15, 2016

Reginald Harris & Rickey Laurentiis: on injured male bodies

 
One of the important, subtle shifts in African American poetry has been the increase in poems dealing with injured or assaulted male bodies. I'm talking about the poems where the poets are really mindful of a male body that has been beaten, cut, choked, shot, dismembered, disappeared, and so forth.

In one sense, yes, the appearance of such poems has occurred for nearly a hundred years now, particularly given the presence of early poems about lynchings, such as Richard Wright's "Between the World and Me" and Claude McKay's "The Lynching." Then, there's also a poem like Robert Hayden's "The Whipping," where we watch as the speaker observers a boy receiving physical punishment. But, we're still witnessing something new in this contemporary moment with the accumulation of so many poems and the complexity of the works about assaulted male bodies.

[Related: Reginald Harris & Phillip B. Williams: Witnessing lost boys & men]

Back in 2014 when Eric Garner was killed, I returned to Reginald Harris's volume Autogeography (2013) to read "On the Road," a poem about James Byrd, a black man brutally killed in 1998. In the poem, Harris speaks directly to Byrd, discussing "your broken body," how "your leg twists back onto itself," and "the last thing of this world you see as your head rips from your body." You know, there's a strong irony here: Harris writes beautifully and touchingly about about an incident that was so terribly violent and horrific.  

The intimacy of Harris speaking directly to Byrd, paying such close attention to his subject came to mind as I was reading the title poem from Rickey Laurentiis's Boy With Thorn (2015). Laurentiis takes the Greco-Roman sculpture Boy With Thorn as a subject or, really, a point of departure as he presents a series of 29 short observations in verse. The observations are numbered; here are a few samples: 
                        6.
Was he so terrible a thing to look at?
But was looked at.

                        11.
              I keep thinking of the thorn as
a marker, scrawler, what shapes the places both excused
              and forbidden
in his body’s swamp.

                       17.
    Take it. Don't you have to learn
to take it, eventually?

                        28.
          This was his body, his body
finally his.
                        29.
          He shut the thorn up in his foot, and told his foot
Walk.
I was trying to wrap my mind around what it meant that Laurentiis was observing this sculpture, paying such close attention to this boy with a thorn in his foot, and thinking and writing through these different angles. Those 29 statements, those 29 instances, notations of a poet thinking about a boy attending to injury, damage are mesmerizing.

Laurentiis is entranced by his muse, and we are entranced by the poet's entrancement. Part of the wonder is tied to the structure of the poem. The setup -- those 29 notations -- accentuate Laurentiis's attentiveness to his subject. There's also the matter that these days, given the many thorns that boys, especially black boys are afflicted with, you're inclined to draw links between one boy with a literal thorn and the many others with figurative ones.  

There's considerable temporal distance between an ancient Greek sculpture and a late 1990s lynching-by-dragging crime. There's also substantial space between the blatant horrors of Harris's subject and the subtleties of Laurentiis's. But then, both poets are contributing to a common poetic realm about vulnerabilities and damages.

The distance between Reginald Harris's poem about James Byrd and Laurentiis's poem about a boy from antiquity removing a thorn from his foot as well as the ties that bind the two works give us some sense of how creatively contemporary poets are taking on subjects pertaining to injured male bodies.     

Related:
A Poetic Trilogy: Jericho Brown, Phillip B. Williams & Rickey Laurentiis  
Reginald Harris

Monday, March 14, 2016

Reginald Harris & Phillip B. Williams: Witnessing lost boys & men



I'm always returning to Reginald Harris's "The Lost Boys: A Requiem," where he's cataloging the boys and men we've lost to accidents, murder, AIDS, jail, and who knows what. Harris presents his own list of names, but you likely have your own, especially if you've been around communities of black folk for any substantial amount of time. Black boys and men are always disappearing for troubling reasons. (That's not to say they are the only ones who face serious problems).

[Related: Reginald Harris & Rickey Laurentiis: on injured male bodies]

Yesterday, I was reading an article "Grim toll from decade of gunfire in Dade" from the Miami Herald and realizing that it was based largely on the many black boys who were lost to violence. A while back, I was re-reading Michelle Alexander's The Jim Crow and remembered its links to the hundreds of thousands of black men lost to the criminal justice system. And then I was reading Phillip B. Williams's Thief in the Interior (2016) and came across his poem or series of poems "Witness" about the unsolved murder of Rashawn Brazell.

Brazell, a 19-year-old, gay black man, disappeared in February 2005, and later, his dismembered body parts were discovered in various areas in Brooklyn. Williams references the gruesome details in the opening:
When Rashawn Brazell went missing,
the first thrash bag of his body parts
hadn't seen his head, didn't know where
it could be. 
With no head, Brazell's body was "scattered like false clues across Brooklyn."

I've read hundreds of persona poems over the last several years, but I can't say I was prepared for what Williams presents: a poem in the persona of the "Duffel Bag" used to transport Brazell's dismembered body. The bag, as if a witness giving a testimony, speaks of what was carried, such as power tools, a hammer, "folded feet." At one point, the bag points out that "You cannot arrest a killer you can't find. He is nothing and everything you are looking for. All of his secrets becoming mine."

Williams constructs aspects of one section ("Headline] Gay Beau Sought in Body-Chop Slay [Interrupted") from news stories and a bulletin requesting information about Brazell's murder. In this section and others, Williams gives new or intensified meaning to the notion of "found poetry."  That is, what does it mean to compose found poetry about lost black boys and men?

In the context of poetry, Williams's "Witness" uses of found poetry sent my mind to Cornelius Eady's Brutal Imagination, Tyehimba Jess's Leadbelly, and Adrian Matejka's The Big Smoke, among others. Of course, the subject matter for Williams's poem was powerfully and necessarily unsettling in ways that those works were not.  

Though Williams presented me with a range of new information, Harris had nonetheless offered me a useful framework. Taken together, Harris and Williams are both critical poetic witnesses, testifying who we lost and how.

Related:
A Poetic Trilogy: Jericho Brown, Phillip B. Williams & Rickey Laurentiis  
Reginald Harris

Friday, March 4, 2016

Poets as Catalogers: The Cases of Robin Coste Lewis, Kevin Young, and Amiri Baraka


You know the deal around these parts. I've frequently compiled lists and catalogs concerning the histories of African American poetry and poets. Look left, right, up, and down on this site, and you're going to see a compilation of some sort.

Still, I hadn't thought enough about poets as catalogers and list-makers until Robin Coste Lewis dropped this book Voyage of the Sable Venus (2015). Her title poem is an expansive and remarkable treatment of lists, catalogs, and records concerning representations of black people, especially black women. Here's what Lewis wrote in the prologue for her title poem: 
What follows is a narrative poem comprised solely and entirely of the titles, catalogue entries, or exhibit descriptions of Western art objects in which a black female figure is present, dating from 38,000 BCE to the present.

I was recently thinking about Lewis in league with catalogers or collectors like Middleton Harris, author of The Black Book -- a kind of scrapbook on African American historical texts and artifacts. The book was drawn largely from Harris's personal collection, published by Random House, and edited by Toni Morrison. 

Like Lewis, Harris doesn't just catalog the flattering images and takes on black people. The Black Book contains images of lynchings, racist images from white newspapers, and other documents that demean African Americans. Lewis's poem and Harris's book talk back to troubling depictions, at least, they keep score.  

Kevin Young's books

I realized that Lewis is not the only poet cataloger I've studied. Among others, Kevin Young is definitely a collector, and his processes of gathering are made most evident in his roles as editor and curator.  In 2005, he became the curator of the Raymond Danowski Poetry Library—a 75,000-volume collection of poetry held at Emory University. Young edited "Democratic vistas" exploring the Raymond Danowski Poetry Library (2008)--a catalog of the collection, and he has edited anthologies of poetry such as Blues Poems (2003), Jazz Poems (2006), and The Art of Losing: Poems of Grief and Healing (2010).

Amiri Baraka was yet another kind of poet cataloger. He documented a range of black histories in his works, and in particular, he was constantly indexing black music and musicians in his poetry. His poem "I Love Music" name checks several Coltrane songs, and in "Digging Max," Baraka references more than 50 musicians in a single poem.

I'm sure Lewis, Young, and Baraka aren't along in the diverse ways that they draw from these lists and documents and build catalogs in their works. They are, though, good places to start.

Related:
The extraordinary ambition of Robin Coste Lewis's "Voyage of the Sable Venus"
Kevin Young
Amiri Baraka